Bowel & Intestinal
Abdominal Bloating
A feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen, often tied to diet or digestive conditions.
Image: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
CategoryBowel & Intestinal
Typical NatureOften chronic
UrgencyRoutine evaluation
What Is Abdominal Bloating?
Bloating is an extremely common complaint that can result from diet, swallowed air, or an underlying digestive condition like IBS or SIBO. Persistent or severe bloating deserves a proper evaluation to rule out treatable causes.
Symptoms of Abdominal Bloating
Common Symptoms
- A visibly distended or tight abdomen
- A feeling of fullness after small meals
- Excess gas
- Discomfort that improves after passing gas or a bowel movement
Causes & Risk Factors
Common Causes
- IBS
- Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)
- Food intolerances
- Constipation
- Swallowed air from eating quickly
Risk Factors
When to See a Doctor: Red-Flag Symptoms
Most digestive symptoms can be evaluated at a routine visit. However, seek prompt medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Severe or worsening abdominal pain
- High fever with abdominal symptoms
- Signs of dehydration (dizziness, reduced urination)
If you're experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.
How Abdominal Bloating Is Diagnosed
- A detailed symptom history and physical exam
- Stool studies or blood work as indicated
- Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy for direct visualization
- Breath testing for suspected SIBO or intolerances
Treatment Options
- Dietary trigger identification
- Breath testing for SIBO when indicated
- Treatment of underlying constipation
- Targeted medication for bloating
Related Services & Procedures
Prevention
- Eating slowly and mindfully
- Limiting carbonated beverages
- Identifying and avoiding personal trigger foods
Related Conditions
Frequently Asked Questions
Diet is a common factor, but bloating can also stem from SIBO, constipation, or motility issues, which is why persistent bloating is worth evaluating.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth occurs when bacteria that normally live in the colon grow in the small intestine instead, often causing bloating and gas. It's diagnosed with breath testing.
It can help identify triggers, but we recommend doing it under guidance so you don't unnecessarily restrict your diet long-term.
Reviewed by Dr. Anthony Marchetti, MDThis content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.