Bowel & Intestinal
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A common functional disorder causing abdominal pain tied to changes in bowel habits.
Image: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
CategoryBowel & Intestinal
Typical NatureChronic, functional
UrgencyRoutine evaluation
What Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, meaning the bowel doesn't work as it should even though there's no visible damage or inflammation. It's genuinely common and, while not dangerous, can significantly affect daily life without the right management plan.
Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Common Symptoms
- Abdominal pain related to bowel movements
- Alternating diarrhea and constipation, or either alone
- Bloating
- Mucus in the stool
- Symptoms that flare with stress or certain foods
Causes & Risk Factors
Common Causes
- Gut-brain axis dysfunction
- Food sensitivities
- Post-infectious changes in gut function
- Stress and anxiety
Risk Factors
When to See a Doctor: Red-Flag Symptoms
Most digestive symptoms can be evaluated at a routine visit. However, seek prompt medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Severe or worsening abdominal pain
- High fever with abdominal symptoms
- Signs of dehydration (dizziness, reduced urination)
If you're experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.
How Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Is Diagnosed
- A detailed symptom history and physical exam
- Stool studies or blood work as indicated
- Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy for direct visualization
- Breath testing for suspected SIBO or intolerances
Treatment Options
- Low-FODMAP or other elimination diets
- Fiber and motility-targeted medications
- Gut-directed therapy for stress-related triggers
- Symptom-specific prescription treatment
Related Services & Procedures
Prevention
- Identifying and managing personal dietary triggers
- Regular exercise and stress management
- Consistent meal timing
Related Conditions
Frequently Asked Questions
No — IBS doesn't cause visible damage, so a colonoscopy typically looks normal. It's used mainly to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.
Stress doesn't cause IBS, but it's a well-documented trigger for flares because of the strong connection between the gut and the nervous system.
IBS is typically a long-term condition, but many patients achieve significant, lasting symptom control once we identify their specific triggers and the right treatment combination.
Reviewed by Dr. Anthony Marchetti, MDThis content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.