Upper GI & Esophagus
Peptic Ulcers
Open sores that develop on the stomach or upper small intestine lining.
Image: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
CategoryUpper GI
Typical NatureAcute or chronic
UrgencyEvaluate promptly
What Is Peptic Ulcers?
Peptic ulcers are open sores that form on the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, most commonly caused by H. pylori infection or long-term NSAID use. Left untreated, they can lead to bleeding or other complications.
Symptoms of Peptic Ulcers
Common Symptoms
- Burning stomach pain, often between meals or at night
- Bloating
- Nausea
- In severe cases, dark stools or vomiting blood
Causes & Risk Factors
Common Causes
- H. pylori infection
- Long-term NSAID use
- Excess stomach acid production
Risk Factors
When to See a Doctor: Red-Flag Symptoms
Most digestive symptoms can be evaluated at a routine visit. However, seek prompt medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Difficulty or pain swallowing
- Vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds
- Unintended, unexplained weight loss
- Persistent vomiting that doesn't improve
If you're experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.
How Peptic Ulcers Is Diagnosed
- A detailed symptom history and physical exam
- Upper endoscopy to directly examine the esophagus and stomach
- H. pylori testing when indicated
- Imaging or lab work to rule out related causes
Treatment Options
- H. pylori testing and eradication therapy
- Acid-reducing medications
- Discontinuing NSAIDs when possible
- Endoscopic evaluation for bleeding or non-healing ulcers
Related Services & Procedures
Prevention
- Limiting NSAID use, or taking protective medication alongside them if needed long-term
- Treating H. pylori infection
- Moderating alcohol and tobacco use
Related Conditions
Frequently Asked Questions
Dark, tarry stools, vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds, and dizziness or fainting are signs that need emergency attention.
Not always, but we often recommend one to confirm the diagnosis, rule out other causes, and check for healing, especially with concerning symptoms.
With appropriate treatment, most ulcers heal within a few weeks to two months, though healing time can vary based on the cause and size.
Reviewed by Dr. Anthony Marchetti, MDThis content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.